The correct explanation involves electromagnetic induction. The electromagnet is always switched off and is then switched on
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Machines that comply with both laws of thermodynamics by accessing energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to Ganador perpetual motion machines, although they do not meet the standard criteria for the name. By way of example, clocks and other low-power machines, such Ganador Cox's timepiece, have been designed to run on the differences in barometric pressure or temperature between night and day.
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Context While this is authentic footage of a genuine product, the "perpetual" marble machine does not operate infinitely without an additional energy source. Rather, it uses batteries and a magnet to create the illusion that marbles Gozque perpetually move through the contraption.
For a perpetual motion like this the energy would have to stay with the machine. To create a perpetual motion machine you'd need a machine that has absolutely no friction so no energy is lost.
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Maxwell's demon: This was originally proposed to show that the second law of thermodynamics applied in the statistical sense only, by postulating a "demon" that could select energetic molecules and extract their energy.
To extract work from heat, thus producing a perpetual motion machine of the second kind, the most common approach (dating back at least to Maxwell's demon) is unidirectionality. Only molecules moving fast enough and in the right direction are allowed through the demon's trap door. In a Brownian ratchet, forces tending to turn the ratchet one way are able to do so read more while forces in the other direction are not. A diode in a heat bath allows through currents in one direction and not the other.
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A more thorough analysis showed that when a physical ratchet was considered at this molecular scale, Brownian motion would also affect the ratchet and cause it to randomly fail resulting in no net gain. Thus, the device would not violate the laws of thermodynamics.
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